英语新闻丨胜利日阅兵式上，中国第五代战斗机全型号亮相

The People’s Liberation Army has displayed all types of its fifth-generation combat planes on active duty for the first time via the grand parade on Wednesday, a move that observers say is intended to show its world-class air prowess.中国人民解放军在周三的盛大阅兵式上，首次展示了现役的所有型号第五代战斗机。观察人士表示，此举旨在彰显中国具备世界一流的空中实力。All of the five models — the J-20, J-20A, J-20S and J-35A of the PLA Air Force as well as the PLA Navy’s J-35 — thundered past the Tian’anmen Square in central Beijing as they flew in several arrowhead-shaped groups around the end of a 70-minute parade marking the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War.在这场时长70分钟、纪念中国人民抗日战争（1931-1945）暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年的阅兵式临近尾声时，五种型号的战斗机——中国人民解放军空军的歼-20、歼-20A、歼-20S、歼-35A以及海军的歼-35——组成多个箭头形编队，轰鸣着飞过北京市中心的天安门广场。This is the first time in the world that five models of cutting-edge stealth fighter jets have appeared in one parade.这是全球首次有五种型号的尖端隐形战斗机在同一场阅兵式上亮相。It also marked the maiden public performance of the J-20S, the world’s first and only model of twin-seat stealth jet; the J-20A, an upgraded single-seat variant of the J-20 baseline configuration; and the J-35, the first radar-evading combat plane in the Navy.此次阅兵也标志着全球首款且目前唯一的双座隐形战斗机歼-20S、歼-20基础型号的升级单座版本歼-20A，以及中国海军首款隐形战斗机歼-35的首次公开亮相。Wang Yanan, chief editor of Aerospace Knowledge magazine, told China Daily that this is the first time in the history of the People’s Republic of China that so much new hardware has been sent to a parade.《航空知识》杂志主编王亚男在接受《中国日报》采访时表示，这是中华人民共和国成立以来，首次在阅兵式上展示如此多的新型装备。“What we have seen is an unprecedented unveiling of China’s domestically developed weaponry such as those new aircraft. All of these previously unseen weapons have state-of-the-art designs and superior capabilities, and have tremendously enhanced the Chinese armed forces’ overall strength,” Wang said.王亚男表示：“我们此次看到的是中国自主研发武器装备——如这些新型战机——前所未有的集中亮相。所有这些此前未公开的武器都具备最先进的设计和卓越性能，极大提升了中国军队的整体实力。”“Specifically speaking, the appearance of the J-20 and J-35 families on a considerable scale means that the Air Force and Navy are in the middle of a systemic transformation that highlights the core role of fifth-generation types, namely these stealth jets,” he said, stating that the PLA is likely to be ahead of other militaries around the globe in terms of establishing a comprehensive fifth-generation air combat system.他指出：“具体而言，歼-20和歼-35系列战机的大规模亮相，表明中国空军和海军正处于以第五代战机（即这些隐形战机）为核心的体系化转型之中。”他还表示，在构建全面的第五代空战体系方面，中国人民解放军可能已走在全球其他军队前列。According to a statement published before the V-Day parade by a temporary command in charge of the event’s aircraft squadrons, the new military planes “have been deployed to handle high-intensity warfare” while their appearance was meant to “reflect the PLA’s strength to deter adversaries and safeguard China’s airspace.”负责此次阅兵式空中梯队的临时指挥部在阅兵前发布声明称，这些新型军机“已列装部队，可执行高强度作战任务”，而它们的亮相旨在“彰显中国人民解放军震慑对手、捍卫中国领空的实力”。J-20S（歼-20S）The J-20S, like other members of the J-20 series, was designed by the Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute, an Aviation Industry Corp of China subsidiary in Sichuan province, and was declassified in November 2024 by appearing in the form of a small-scale mock-up at the 15th China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition.与歼-20系列其他型号一样，歼-20S由中国航空工业集团旗下位于四川省的成都飞机设计研究所设计，并于2024年11月在第十五届中国国际航空航天博览会上以小型模型形式首次解密。According to designers at AVIC, the J-20S is a heavy-duty radar-evading fighter jet with long-range operation and multifunction capabilities.中国航空工业集团的设计师表示，歼-20S是一款具备远程作战能力和多功能属性的重型隐形战斗机。The twin-seat plane is characterized by its supreme ability to seize superiority in air combat, carry out precision strikes against land and sea targets, and perform battlefield situational awareness, electronic jamming as well as tactical command and control operations.这款双座战机的核心优势在于：具备极强的夺取制空权能力、可对陆基和海基目标实施精确打击，同时能执行战场态势感知、电子干扰及战术指挥控制任务。In addition to conventional tasks, the J-20S can team up with unmanned planes in air combat, designers said.设计师还指出，除常规任务外，歼-20S还可在空战中与无人机协同作战。Fu Qianshao, an aircraft researcher who had served with the Air Force for decades, said the jet is likely to be tasked with conducting electronic warfare operations or guiding unmanned aircraft to hit enemy targets.曾在空军服役数十年的航空研究员傅前哨表示，歼-20S可能承担电子战任务，或引导无人机打击敌方目标。“The additional operator in the backseat is responsible for controlling electronic warfare instruments or coordinating strike operations by his or her plane and attack drones. His or her work can enable the J-20S to better use precision-guided munitions and connect with the airborne early-warning and control systems,” he said. “It is better to have an operator to focus on these extended functions because only one pilot would be too busy to take care of all of those tasks in real air combat.”他解释道：“后座的额外操作员负责操控电子战设备，或协调本机与攻击型无人机的打击行动。这一设置能让歼-20S更高效地使用精确制导武器，并与空中预警指挥系统联动。在实际空战中，仅靠一名飞行员难以兼顾所有任务，专门安排一名操作员负责这些扩展功能更为合理。”An extra seat will bring more benefits than these, the veteran researcher added.这位资深研究员补充称，双座设计的优势不止于此。"The twin-seat variant can have a backup flight-control system installed for the backseat operator to use in case the main system malfunctions or is damaged in action, or the front-seat pilot becomes incapacitated.“双座型号可搭载备用飞行控制系统，若主控制系统在作战中出现故障或受损，或前座飞行员失去行动能力，后座操作员可启动备用系统操控战机。“It can also be used to train new aviators to make them familiar with the cutting-edge fighter jet as quickly as possible,” Fu stated.傅前哨表示：“此外，歼-20S还可用于培训新飞行员，帮助他们尽快熟悉这款尖端战机。”J-20A（歼-20A）Another J-20 variant — the J-20A — has several external differences from the baseline model: an enlarged spine, reshaped nosecone, and modified engine intakes optimized for new, mightier engines developed by Chinese engineers on their own.歼-20的另一改进型号歼-20A与基础型号在外观上有多处不同：机身脊背加长、机头重新设计，且发动机进气道经过优化，以适配中国工程师自主研发的新型大功率发动机。Its engines are widely believed to have thrust vector control technology that provides significant benefits in flight maneuverability.外界普遍认为，歼-20A的发动机配备了推力矢量控制技术，这一技术能显著提升战机的飞行机动性。The technology enables a pilot to adjust the engine exhaust nozzles to redirect thrust, allowing the plane to carry out previously unimaginable maneuvers at very high angles of attack, meaning its nose is pointed at an angle greatly exceeding the jet’s current vector.通过这项技术，飞行员可调整发动机尾喷口方向以改变推力方向，使战机能在超大迎角（机头指向与飞行轨迹夹角远大于常规范围）下完成以往难以实现的机动动作。This capability is expected to be a great advantage for fighter aviators when evading a missile or seeking an advantageous position in within-visual-range air combat.这种能力使战机在规避导弹或近距离空战中抢占优势位置时，能为飞行员提供显著优势。In addition to stunning tactical maneuvers, the new powerplants may also bring about higher fuel efficiency and longer flight range.除实现出色的战术机动外，新型发动机还可能提升燃油效率，延长战机航程。Wang Yanan, chief editor of Aerospace Knowledge magazine, said the J-20A’s optimized aerodynamic configuration, especially the slightly raised spine, has created a direct benefit: a bigger inner space that can be used for extra sensors or fuel tanks.《航空知识》杂志主编王亚男表示，歼-20A优化的气动布局——尤其是略微抬高的机身脊背——带来了一项直接优势：增加了内部空间，可用于加装额外传感器或油箱。"Raising the spine was not feasible for previous types of fighter jets because their pilots depend more or less on their bare eyes to spot suspicious objects so their cockpit canopy should have a 360-degree visual field, particularly in the backward direction.“以往的战斗机无法采用抬高脊背的设计，因为那时的飞行员多少需要依靠肉眼观察可疑目标，因此座舱盖需具备360度视野，尤其是向后的视野必须开阔。“Now, thanks to avionics enhancements and sensor improvements, a J-20A pilot no longer needs to turn his or her head to observe situations behind as several passive electro-optical sensors mounted around the fuselage can give the aviator an omnidirectional view,” the editor explained, adding that the redesigned spine also helps to reduce aerodynamic drag.“如今，得益于航空电子设备和传感器的升级，歼-20A的飞行员无需转头观察后方情况——机身周围安装的多个被动光电传感器可为飞行员提供全方位视野。”王亚男还补充称，重新设计的脊背也有助于降低气动阻力。J-35A（歼-35A）Another recent addition to the Air Force’s stealth arsenal, the J-35A, also partook in the parade’s air performance.（歼-35A是中国空军隐形装备库中近期新增的型号，此次也参与了阅兵式的空中梯队展示。）Designed by AVIC’s Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute in Liaoning province, the J-35A is a single-seat, twin-engine stealth multirole fighter with a conventional aerodynamic configuration.歼-35A由中国航空工业集团旗下位于辽宁省的沈阳飞机设计研究所设计，是一款采用常规气动布局的单座双发隐形多用途战斗机。According to its designers, the jet’s primary task is to seize and maintain air superiority, with a secondary mission of carrying out airstrikes against land and sea targets.设计师介绍，这款战机的首要任务是夺取并保持制空权，次要任务是对陆基和海基目标实施空中打击。Specifically, the jet will be used to engage with hostile aircraft including fighters and bombers, shoot down enemy cruise missiles, and eliminate adversaries’ land- and ship-based air defense hardware.具体而言，歼-35A可用于对抗包括战斗机、轰炸机在内的敌方航空器，击落敌方巡航导弹，并摧毁敌方陆基和舰载防空装备。Wang Mingzhi, a senior researcher with the Air Force, said the J-20 series and J-35A will complement each other in air combat in the future.中国空军高级研究员王明志表示，未来在空战中，歼-20系列与歼-35A将形成互补。“The heavy-duty J-20 models will be used to fight for air dominance while the midsize J35A will be suitable for various kinds of operations ranging from engaging with hostile fighters to precision assaults against land and sea targets,” he said.他指出：“重型的歼-20系列将用于争夺制空权，而中型的歼-35A则适用于多种任务，既可以与敌方战斗机对抗，也能对陆、海目标实施精确打击。”The J-35A made its first public flight performance at the 15th China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition, shortly after it was declassified by the Air Force.歼-35A在中国空军解密后不久，便于第十五届中国国际航空航天博览会上完成了首次公开飞行展示。Following the recent delivery of the first batch of J-35As, China has become the second nation after the United States to have two families of stealth fighter jets in active service.随着首批歼-35A近期列装部队，中国成为继美国之后，全球第二个拥有两个系列现役隐形战斗机的国家。Y-20B（运-20B）Besides these new fighter jets, the Air Force also sent a re-engined version of its Y-20 strategic transport aircraft to fly in the parade.除这些新型战斗机外，中国空军还派出了换装新型发动机的运-20战略运输机参与阅兵式空中梯队。Compared with the baseline model in the Y-20 family, the Y-20B cargo jet’s most distinctive trait is its new propulsion system, which appears to consist of four domestically designed high-bypass turbofan engines.与运-20基础型号相比，运-20B运输机最显著的特征是其新型推进系统——似乎配备了四台中国自主设计的大涵道比涡扇发动机。The Y-20’s baseline configuration took its maiden flight in January 2013, and began to be delivered to the Air Force in July 2016. It uses four Russian engines as powerplants.运-20基础型号于2013年1月完成首飞，2016年7月开始交付中国空军，其动力系统采用四台俄罗斯发动机。Wang Yanan, chief editor of Aerospace Knowledge magazine, said that the new domestically built engine has stronger thrust and lower fuel consumption, and that means the Y-20B is now able to fly farther and carry more cargo. Consequently, the new transport aircraft allows the PLA to deploy and sustain its forces over much greater distances, as befitting a true global power, he added.《航空知识》杂志主编王亚男表示，这款国产新型发动机推力更大、油耗更低，这使得运-20B的航程更远、载重量更大。他补充称，这款新型运输机使中国人民解放军能够在更远距离内部署和保障部队，符合一个真正全球性大国的能力需求。On the ground, multiple new types of combat drones were carried by trucks traveling in the parade, pointing to the possibility that the Air Force may place more duties on the pilotless jets.在地面装备方队中，多款新型作战无人机由卡车搭载亮相，这表明中国空军可能会赋予无人机更多任务职责。Wu Peixin, an aviation industry observer, said that it has been a shared trend for air powers to integrate their stealth fighters with uncrewed platforms’ capabilities.航空行业观察家吴培新表示，将隐形战斗机与无人平台能力相融合，已成为全球空中力量发展的共同趋势。“A stealth jet is very expensive and sophisticated, while a drone is much cheaper, and is expendable. In air combat, pilots of stealth jets can operate and guide a group of strike drones to launch missiles toward targets and even hit the targets by themselves, without risking the safety of the pilots and their jets. Those unmanned planes will also be able to detect signals of enemy assets and then autonomously chart out a route to penetrate defense and take out the targets,” he said, adding that this new pattern will definitely revolutionize air combat in the future.他解释道：“隐形战斗机成本高昂、技术复杂，而无人机成本更低且可作为消耗性装备使用。在空战中，隐形战斗机飞行员可操控并引导一组攻击型无人机向目标发射导弹，甚至由无人机自主打击目标，无需让飞行员和战机面临风险。这些无人机还能探测敌方装备信号，自主规划突防路线并摧毁目标。”他补充称，这种新模式未来必将彻底改变空战形态。